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The incident ray and the surface normal define a plane. The refracted ray and the reflected ray lie in this plane, too. Snell’s law as well as the law of reflection can be derived from Fresnel equations, which directly result from Maxwell’s equations. A ray obeying Snell’s law is called exact ray or real ray – as opposed to a paraxial ray. Analyzing optical systems by tracing many rays based on Snell’s law is therefore known as exact ray tracing, finite ray tracing or real ray tracing. The term real ray tracing and its abbreviation RRT will be used throughout this thesis (Bass 1995; Arasa and Alda 2004).

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[مهندسی برق]

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